便攜式抗議廁所
Yellow Spot is a portable protest toilet for women
埃因霍芬設計學院（Design Academy Eindhoven）畢業生Elisa Otañez設計了一個黃色的移動廁所，目的是抗議荷蘭缺乏女性公共設施。
Otañez來自墨西哥，他注意到荷蘭城市里有許多公共小便池，而它們僅僅供男性使用，專為婦女而設的此類設施卻寥寥無幾。
Design Academy Eindhoven graduate Elisa Otañez has created a bight yellow, mobile toilet as a protest against the lack of public facilities for women in The Netherlands.
Originally from Mexico, Otañez noticed that there were many public urinals in cities in The Netherlands to reduce the number of men urinating in the street, but that there were very few facilities for women.
這位愛恩德霍芬設計學院的社會設計碩士畢業生發現，在這座城市里，小便池和公廁的比例約為10:1。
Otañez 告訴Dezeen的記者說：「男人們在公共場合、角落、街道上撒尿，政府為他們建立了小便池，可這對女性來說是否有些不公平？」
她補充道：「我想找出解決方案，並且希望真正有用，而不僅僅是抗議而已。這個問題始終存在，女性只能去餐館或酒吧尋找廁所，而實際上，我們的城市應該為此提出解決策略。」
The graduate from the Social Design masters programme at Design Academy Eindhoven, found that there was one public toilet for every 10 urinals in the city.
“Men were peeing in public, in corners, in the streets, and they got rewarded with toilets,” Otañez told Dezeen. “Do women have to start doing that as well to get their public toilets?”
“I wanted to make a solution, something that worked and wasn’t only as a protest,” she added. “It’s kind of an invisible issue – as a woman you are very used to going into a restaurant or a bar, looking for somewhere to go, when actually the city should provide a solution.”
Photo is by Marica De Michele
「Yellow Spot」由三種元素組成，分別是輪子上的亮黃色框架、保護隱私的帆布面板和充當馬桶的小型黃色容器，其頂部為傾斜的凹形。
油漆框架由帶螺紋接頭的鋼管與工業接頭構成，它們的形狀類似腳手架。
黃色的帆布面板上印有黑體的「免費廁所」和「女性專用」等標語。帆布的前側面板被固定在夾子上，很容易打開和關閉。在內部印有女性專用公廁的字樣。
Yellow Spot consists of three elements: a bright yellow frame on wheels, panels of canvas that form walls for privacy and a small, yellow container that has a sloped, concave top that acts as the toilet bowl.
The painted frame is made from straight pieces of tubular steel bolted together with industrial joints to create an effect similar to scaffolding.
The yellow-coated walls feature the slogans “free toilet” and “occupied by women” printed in bold black lettering. The front panel of canvas is secured with a clip that allows it to easily be opened and closed. Facts about the number of public toilets available for women are printed on the inside.
這種無座、無水、聚苯乙烯馬桶的造型參考了jerry 罐（通常用於運載燃料），它的一邊是手把，這樣的設計是使用時不需要坐下。
Otañez解釋說：「我在各個城市調研時了解到，在使用公共衛生間時，61%的女性沒有坐下，而85%的女性說她們只在公共衛生間小解。」
她補充說：「該項目最重要的特點是可移動，因為這件物品既實用，又能用作遊行，因此集結了兩個功能。」
The seatless, waterless, polystyrene toilet is loosely modelled on the shape of a jerry can – commonly used for carrying fuel – with a handle on one side. It is designed for hovering over, rather than sitting on.
“In the research I made in Eindhoven and other Dutch cities, I learned that 61 per cent of women don’t sit down when using a public toilet while 85 per cent of women say they use public toilets only for peeing,” explained Otañez.
“Mobility is important in order for it to perform as a protest artefact that 『marches’ around the city demanding toilets for women,” she added. “The outcome had to reconcile a functional toilet and a totem of protest that matched together, making sense of each other.”
由於項目時間的限制，原型馬桶使用了聚苯乙烯經真空成型，但將來計劃使用旋轉模塑來製造。
「Yellow Spot」是Otañez的畢業設計作品。截止到目前，他已經在公共場合進行了兩次試驗，一次在市場上，一次在公共廣場中央。但是都被警察要求移走，因為警方認為其缺少官方許可。
這位設計師說：「許多女性也發現了這一問題，我和她們進行了溝通，大家一致認為這是當前的一個社會問題。當女性為自己爭取相應的解決方案，她們要麼為此受到懲罰，要麼必須申請官方認可。」
The prototype is polystyrene and vacuum-formed due to time limitations for the project, but the aim is for the bowl to be rotation moulded in the future.
Yellow Spot is Otañez’s graduation project. So far, it has been trialled in public twice, once in a market and once in the middle of a public square, where she was asked to remove it by police as they said she needed a permit.
“I had many passionate conversations with women who recognised and identified with the issue, since it’s a problem they have been facing all their lives,” said the designer. “When women need to provide for themselves their own toilet solutions in response to the inability of the city to do so, they either are punished for it or have to ask permission.”
Photo is by Marica De Michele
Otañez認為這種功能強大的便攜廁所能夠滿足女性的需求，同時，對於孕期等特殊時期的女性，也起到很好的幫助作用，只是這將需要更多的研究。
她說：「『Yellow Spot』就像『特洛伊木馬』，它讓更多人意識到這個問題，希望通過此舉能夠為所有需要的女性提供合適的解決方案。」
Otañez said that a functional, portable toilet that would meet the needs of all people who identify as women and don’t have safe spaces to urinate in public, as well as pregnant and menstruating women, would require more time and research.
“The Yellow Spot acts as a 『trojan horse’ to bring the issue to a wider audience and hopefully, through this, a proper toilet for all needs can be provided,” she said.
Photo is by Marica De Michele
上個月，《美國建築》（ US architecture）沒有正常出版，而是發行了為公共建築設計包容性浴室的免費指南，來解決「緊迫的社會問題」。
其它解決過廁所問題的設計師還有Nendo，他提議災區可以用空水瓶組裝廁所。除此之外還有 EOOS，他與Eawag水資源研究所合作，為極端貧困的地區設計了自我過濾式移動廁所。
Aandeboom在丹麥的羅斯基勒節（Roskilde Festival）上設計了樹上小便池，從而減輕公共廁所的壓力，而Faltazi則用稻草袋解決了同樣的問題。
圖片來源：Elisa Otañez（除非特別說明）
Last month US architecture initiative Stalled! published free guidelines for designing inclusive bathrooms for public buildings to address an “urgent social issue”.
Other designers who have tackled toilet issues include Nendo, whose proposal for disaster areas could be assembled using empty water bottles, and EOOS, who teamed up with water research institute Eawag to create a self-filtering mobile toilet for areas of extreme poverty.
Aandeboom created tree-mounted urinals to try and mitigate public urination at the Roskilde Festival in Denmark, while Faltazi tackled the same issue with a straw-bale solution.
Photography by Elisa Otañez, unless stated.
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